In the latter half of the 14th century the Welsh discontent with the English grew.
The explosion came at the end of the century with the rebellion of Owen
Glendower.
Glendower, a Welsh lord who had been educated in England and
served under Richard II, was descended from the princely houses of
Powis and Deheubarth – and so had great appeal to Welsh national
sentiment. The trouble started soon after Richard’s deposition, when
one of the Marcher Lords took possession of land belonging to
Glendower, and Henry IV refused redress. Glendower declared himself
Prince of Wales and (in 1400) started a struggle which went on for
fourteen years and devastated much of Wales and border lands.
At first all went well for Glendower, a brilliant leader in guerilla
warfare. He took Harlech and Aberystwyth castles, and soon held sway
over most of Wales. He made a treaty with the King of France for
French support, and negotiated with the anti-Pope at Avingnon for the
independence (from England) of the Welsh Church. At home he
entered into an alliance with the Duke of Northumberland and Edmund
Mortmimer (who married Glendower’s daughter), leaders of an English
revolt against Henry IV – the three allies agreed to divide England
and Wales between them. Henry made a number of expeditions
against him, with complete lack of success.
But from about 1405 Glendower’s power began to wane. The support
of his allies was of little avail, and his Welsh followers began to drift
away, accepting the free pardon offered by Henry IV. Having advanced
into England as far as Worcester, Glendower was there repulsed by
Prince Henry (later Henry V), who went on in 1408 to re-capture
Aberystwyth and Harlech. Glendower continued his guerrilla activities,
but Wales was exhausted and defeat now inevitable. In 1415
Glendower disappeared and was heard of no more – presumed to have
died in some unknown hiding place.
In the latter half of the 14th century the Welsh discontent with the English grew.
The explosion came at the end of the century with the rebellion of Owen
Glendower.
Glendower, a Welsh lord who had been educated in England and
served under Richard II, was descended from the princely houses of
Powis and Deheubarth – and so had great appeal to Welsh national
sentiment. The trouble started soon after Richard’s deposition, when
one of the Marcher Lords took possession of land belonging to
Glendower, and Henry IV refused redress. Glendower declared himself
Prince of Wales and (in 1400) started a struggle which went on for
fourteen years and devastated much of Wales and border lands.
At first all went well for Glendower, a brilliant leader in guerilla
warfare. He took Harlech and Aberystwyth castles, and soon held sway
over most of Wales. He made a treaty with the King of France for
French support, and negotiated with the anti-Pope at Avingnon for the
independence (from England) of the Welsh Church. At home he
entered into an alliance with the Duke of Northumberland and Edmund
Mortmimer (who married Glendower’s daughter), leaders of an English
revolt against Henry IV – the three allies agreed to divide England
and Wales between them. Henry made a number of expeditions
against him, with complete lack of success.
But from about 1405 Glendower’s power began to wane. The support
of his allies was of little avail, and his Welsh followers began to drift
away, accepting the free pardon offered by Henry IV. Having advanced
into England as far as Worcester, Glendower was there repulsed by
Prince Henry (later Henry V), who went on in 1408 to re-capture
Aberystwyth and Harlech. Glendower continued his guerrilla activities,
but Wales was exhausted and defeat now inevitable. In 1415
Glendower disappeared and was heard of no more – presumed to have
died in some unknown hiding place.